Our Research

Research Summary Update

Summary of Completed Research in Prolotherapy and Bioregenerative Injection K. Dean Reeves, M.D., Clinical Associate Professor, University of Kansas “This work is provided under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.”

How Injections Work

Explanation of Prolotherapy and Perineural Injection Therapy (Perineural Subcutaneous Injection and Perineural Deep Injection) Definition: Prolotherapy is an injection whose primary

Prolotherapy Is Not Experimental

Most state boards of medicine have definitions for what is experimental and what is not. Those definitions are based on two major issues. In general, if a procedure as taught by post graduate programs for the healing arts and has level II (out of IV) data in multiple areas, it is not considered experimental. Click to read more about why prolotherapy is not experimental.

Achilles Tendinosis

Achilles Tendinosis

Dextrose 25% Injection in chronic Achilles tendinopathy with 12-48 month follow-up results (2010) Ryan M, Wong A, Taunton J. Favorable outcomes after sonographically guided intratendinous injection of hyperosmolar dextrose for chronic insertional and midportion achilles tendinosis. Am J Roentgenol. 2010 Apr;194(4):1047-53. Dr. Reeves’ Notes: This study involved patients with chronic

Read More »
ACL Laxity

ACL Laxity

Reeves KD Hassanein K Long term effects of dextrose prolotherapy for anterior cruciate ligament laxity: A prospective and consecutive patient study. Alt Ther Hlth Med May-Jun 2003, 9(3): p58-62. DEX: Reeves et al 2003 Dextrose Tightens Loose ACL Ligament by Simple Injection Dr. Reeves’ Notes: The “method” for this study

Read More »
Bakers Cyst

Bakers Cyst

Centeno CJ; Schultz J; Freeman M. Sclerotherapy of Baker’s cyst with imaging confirmation of resolution. Pain Physician (United States), Mar-Apr 2008, 11(2) p257-61 Bakers Cyst: Dextrose + Sodium Morrhuate: Centeno 2008 Dr. Reeves’ Notes: This study demonstrated a case of MRI use to demonstrate shrinking of a Baker’s cyst by

Read More »
Coccygeal Pain

Coccygeal Pain

Khan SA; Kumar A; Varshney MK; Trikha V; Yadav CS: Dextrose prolotherapy for recalcitrant coccygodynia J Orthop Surg , Apr 2008, 16(1) p27-9. Dex Khan et al 2008 Dr. Reeves’ Notes: This study related to chronic pain in coccyx (coccygodynia) after coccyx fracture. Treatment of coccygodynia after fracture was the

Read More »
Degenerative Disc Disease

Degenerative Disc Disease

Miller et al 2006: Treatment of severely degenerative discs Treatment of painful advanced internal lumbar disc derangement with intradiscal injection of hypertonic dextrose. Miller MR, Mathews RS, Reeves KD. Pain Physician. 2006 Apr;9(2):115-21. Dr. Reeves’ Notes: Note that the great majority of the time the pain source is not the

Read More »
Finger Arthritis

Finger Arthritis

Reeves KD, Hassanein K. Randomized prospective placebo controlled double blind study of dextrose prolotherapy for osteoarthritic thumbs and finger (DIP, PIP and Trapeziometacarpal) joints: Evidence of Clinical Efficacy. Jnl Alt Compl Med 2000;6(4):311-320. DEXTROSE PROLOTHERAPY FOR OSTEOARTHRITIC THUMBS AND FINGERDr. Reeves’ Notes: 10% dextrose superior to hypotonic lidocaine in finger

Read More »
Groin Pain

Groin Pain

Regenerative Injection of Elite Athletes With Career-Altering Chronic Groin Pain Topol GA, Reeves KD: Regenerative injection of elite athletes with career-altering chronic groin pain who fail conservative treatment: a consecutive case series. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2008;87; – . Dr. Reeves’ Notes: Dextrose 12.5% injection returns 66/72 elite rugby

Read More »
Knee Arthritis

Knee Arthritis

One-Year Follow-Up on 15% dextrose outside and 25% dextrose inside the knee (2012) Hypertonic dextrose injections (prolotherapy) for knee osteoarthritis: results of a single-arm uncontrolled study with 1-year follow-up. J Altern Complement Med. 2012 Apr;18(4):408-14. Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI

Read More »
Low Back Pain

Low Back Pain

FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS 1. Needling of Tendons & Ligaments is NOT a Placebo: Puncture of Cell membrane With Inflammatory Lipid Release In the treatment of low back pain there are four treatment comparison studies. The control group in all back studies involved needle contact with attachments of ligaments and tendons. By

Read More »
Medial Meniscus Tear

Medial Meniscus Tear

Fullerton BD. High-Resolution Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Document Tissue Repair After Prolotherapy Arch PM&R 2008. 89(2):377-385 HEALING OF A MEDIAL MENISCUS TEAR (2007) DR. REEVES’ NOTES: The medial meniscus of the knee is non linear structure. Dr. Fullerton published examples of regeneration from dextrose injection, including an example

Read More »
Neck Pains

Neck Pains

Centeno CJ, Elliott J, Elkins WL, Freeman M. Fluoroscopically Guided Cervical Prolotherapy for with Blinded Pre and Post Radiographic Reading Pain Physician. 2005;8:67-72. DEXTROSE: Centeno et al 2005. Reduction in laxity demonstrated by radiographic imaging. DR. REEVES’ NOTES: This is a very small but intriguing case series looking at flexion

Read More »
Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

INTRODUCTION Osgood Schlatter’s Disease (OSD) is very common in young adolescents, affecting millions of young people a year, and represents damage to the tendon to cartilage connection on the bony prominence just below the knee cap. If it does not respond quickly to sports limitation, it often leads to substantial

Read More »
Patellar Tendinosis

Patellar Tendinosis

Ultrasound-guided injections of hyperosmolar dextrose for overuse patellar tendinopathy (2011) Ryan M; Wong A; Rabago D; Lee K; Taunton J. Ultrasound-guided injections of hyperosmolar dextrose for overuse patellar tendinopathy: a pilot study [In Process Citation] Br J Sports Med 2011; 45(12):972-7. DR. REEVES’ NOTES: Chronic infrapatellar tendinopathy presents a challenge

Read More »
Plantar Fasciosis

Plantar Fasciosis

Dextrose: Ryan et al 2009 Dextrose injection for chronic pain of Plantar fasciosis Ryan MB, Wong AD, Gillies JH, Wong J, Traunton JE Sonographically guided intratendinous injections of hyperosmolar dextrose/lidocaine: a pilot study for the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis. Br J Sports Med 2009;43 :303–306. DR. REEVES’ NOTES: The

Read More »
Sacroiliac Pain

Sacroiliac Pain

Cusi M; Saunders J; Hungerford B; Wisbey-Roth T; Lucas P; Wilson S. The use of prolotherapy in the sacroiliac joint. Br J Sports Med 2010;44: 100-104. DEXTROSE: CUSI ET AL 2008: DEXTROSE INJECTION MARKEDLY IMPROVES LAXITY TESTING OF THE SI JOINT. DR. REEVES’ NOTES: Twenty-five consecutive patients with chronic low

Read More »
Shin Splints

Shin Splints

Curtin M, Crisp T, Malliaras P, Padhiar N. The effectiveness of prolotherapy in the management of recalcitrant medial tibial stress syndrome: a pilot study. Br J Sports Med 2011;45:e1 doi:10.1136/bjsm.2010.081554.8 PILOT STUDY ON RECALCITRANT SHIN SPLINTS DR. REEVES’ NOTES: Dr. Reeves’ Notes: Shin splints or medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS)

Read More »
Tennis Elbow

Tennis Elbow

Ongoing Positive Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Corticosteroid Injection (2011) Gosens T, Peerbooms JC, van Laar W, den Oudsten BL. Ongoing Positive Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Corticosteroid Injection in Lateral Epicondylitis: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial With 2-year Follow-up [In Process Citation] Am J Sports Med (United States), Jun

Read More »
TMJ Pain Dysfunction

TMJ Pain Dysfunction

Refai H, Altahhan O, Elsharkawy R.[Epub ahead of print] The Efficacy of Dextrose Prolotherapy for Temporomandibular Joint Hypermobility: A Preliminary Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011 Jul 12. THE EFFICACY OF DEXTROSE PROLOTHERAPY FOR TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT HYPERMOBILITY (2011) DR. REEVES’ NOTES: A study on dextrose prolotherapy

Read More »

Suffering from pain or discomfort from injuries or disease?

Transforming lives for over 20 years in the medical industry